# Eye Cancer **Table of Contents** **Table of Contents** [Overview](#section-overview "Overview") [Signs & Symptoms](#section-4831 "Signs & Symptoms") [Causes](#section-4836 "Causes") [Cancers of the Eyeball](#section-6266 "Cancers of the Eyeball") [Cancers of the Eyelid and Surrounding Skin](#section-6286 "Cancers of the Eyelid and Surrounding Skin") [Cancers of the Conjunctiva](#section-8116 "Cancers of the Conjunctiva") [Orbital Cancers](#section-6306 "Orbital Cancers") [Lacrimal Gland and Tear Duct Cancers](#section-6326 "Lacrimal Gland and Tear Duct Cancers") [Risk Factors](#section-4841 "Risk Factors") [Treatments & Services](#section-6361 "Treatments & Services") [Find Care](#section-6366 "Find Care") [Request an Appointment](#section-8136 "Request an Appointment") ## Overview Eye cancer occurs when abnormal cells develop and grow uncontrollably in or around the eye. These cancerous cells can begin in the eye (called intraocular cancer) or spread from other parts of the body. The most common type of eye cancer in adults is uveal melanoma, which starts in the middle layer of the eye. Other forms can affect the retina, eyelid, or surrounding tissues. Because symptoms may develop slowly, early detection through regular eye exams is key to effective treatment. ## Signs & Symptoms Eye cancer can cause different symptoms depending on where it develops in or around the eye. Some people may not notice changes early on, making routine eye exams important for early detection. Common signs and symptoms may include: - Blurred or decreased vision - Dark spots or changes in the iris (colored part of the eye) - A visible lump or dark area on the eye - Flashes of light or floaters in your vision - Loss of part of your visual field - Redness, pain, or swelling in or around the eye - Bulging of one eye If you notice changes in your vision or the appearance of your eye, schedule an eye exam as soon as possible. ## Causes The exact cause of eye cancer is not fully understood. It develops when healthy cells in or around the eye experience changes in their DNA, causing them to grow and divide uncontrollably. These abnormal cells can form a tumor that may spread to nearby tissue or other parts of the body. Certain genetic changes and environmental factors may increase the likelihood of these cell mutations, though in many cases, the cause is unknown. ## Cancers of the Eyeball These cancers start within the eye itself. ##### Uveal melanoma The most common primary eye cancer in adults, beginning in the uvea (iris, choroid, or ciliary body). ##### Retinoblastoma A rare eye cancer that develops in the retina, most often in young children. ## Cancers of the Eyelid and Surrounding Skin These cancers form in the skin and tissues around the eye. ##### Basal cell carcinoma The most common eyelid cancer, often linked to sun exposure. ##### Squamous cell carcinoma May spread more aggressively and affect nearby tissue. ##### Sebaceous, melanoma, and Merkel cell carcinoma Rare but potentially serious eyelid cancers. ## Cancers of the Conjunctiva These affect the thin, clear membrane that covers the white of the eye and inner eyelids. ##### Squamous cell carcinoma A slow-growing tumor that can invade surrounding tissue. ##### Melanoma Develops from pigment-producing cells on the eye’s surface. ##### MALT lymphoma A type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that can appear as a pink or yellow mass on the eye. ## Orbital Cancers These form in the tissues and structures surrounding the eyeball. ##### Orbital lymphoma and sarcoma Can affect muscles, fat, or connective tissue around the eye. ##### Meningioma May develop near the optic nerve, affecting vision. ##### Metastatic tumors Cancers that spread to the orbit from other parts of the body. ## Lacrimal Gland and Tear Duct Cancers These begin in the glands and ducts that produce and drain tears. ##### Adenoid cystic carcinoma The most common malignant lacrimal gland tumor. ##### Lacrimal gland lymphoma or pleomorphic adenoma Tumors that can cause swelling near the outer upper eyelid. ##### Lacrimal sac carcinoma Rare tumors that can block tear drainage or cause persistent tearing. ## Risk Factors The exact cause of most eye cancers is not known, but several factors may increase risk. Having one or more risk factors does not mean you will develop the disease, but awareness can help with early detection. - **Light eye color:** People with light-colored eyes, such as blue or green, have a slightly higher risk of uveal melanoma. - **Excessive sun exposure:** Ultraviolet (UV) light may increase the risk of eye melanoma and eyelid cancers. - **Age:** Eye cancer is more common in adults over 50, though some types, like retinoblastoma, occur in children. - **Genetic conditions:** Certain inherited disorders, such as dysplastic nevus syndrome or BAP1 gene mutations, can increase risk. - **Weakened immune system:** People with immune deficiencies, including those caused by HIV or medications, are at higher risk. - **Radiation exposure:** Prior radiation treatment to the head or face may raise the risk of some eye cancers. - **Family history:** Having a close relative with eye cancer or certain genetic mutations may slightly increase risk. ## Treatments & Services Treatment Options Treatment for eye cancer depends on the type, size, and location of the tumor, as well as overall health and vision needs. The goal is to remove or control the cancer while preserving as much sight and eye function as possible. [Chemotherapy](/all-treatments-services/chemotherapy) [Immunotherapy](/all-treatments-services/immunotherapy) [Radiation Therapy](/all-treatments-services/radiation-therapy) [Surgical Oncology](/all-treatments-services/surgical-oncology) [Targeted Therapy](/all-treatments-services/targeted-therapy) Services Options Supportive care services help patients and families manage symptoms, maintain vision health, and navigate treatment from diagnosis through recovery. These services aim to improve comfort and overall quality of life. [Pain and Symptom Management](/all-treatments-services/pain-and-symptom-management) [Palliative Care](/all-treatments-services/palliative-care) [Patient Support Services](/all-treatments-services/patient-support-services) ## Find Care If you’ve been diagnosed with eye cancer or are experiencing symptoms, connecting with a specialist is an important next step. Find a provider or location near you to learn more about diagnosis, treatment options, and ongoing support. Our Locations We offer locations across the DFW metroplex so you can receive leading cancer care and support close to home. [Find a Location](/locations) Our Care Team Get to know the compassionate experts who guide your care with a whole-person approach—spirit, mind, and body. [Meet Our Team](/our-care-team) ## Request an Appointment Contact us to request an appointment or ask a question below. **For emergencies call 911 or visit your nearest hospital.** This form is blocked by your cookie preferences. Accept cookies to load form