Bone Cancer
Overview
Bone cancer is a rare cancer that begins in the cells of the bone, most often in the long bones of the arms and legs or in the pelvis. It makes up less than one percent of all cancers, and many bone tumors are actually benign rather than cancerous. Primary bone cancers are different from cancers that start in another part of the body and spread to the bone. Those are considered metastatic cancers and are treated based on where they began.
There are several types of primary bone cancer. Some occur more often in children and teens, while others are seen mainly in adults. Treatment depends on the type and location of the tumor and may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of these options. Early evaluation with a specialist helps guide the most effective plan for care.
Signs & Symptoms of Bone Cancer
Bone cancer symptoms can vary depending on the tumor’s size and location, but common signs include:
- Persistent or worsening bone pain
- Swelling or tenderness near the affected area
- Weakened bone or fractures with minimal injury
- Fatigue
- Unintended weight loss
If you or your child has bone pain that comes and goes, becomes more noticeable at night, or does not improve with routine pain relievers, contact your doctor. Early evaluation can help identify the cause and guide timely treatment.
Causes
The exact cause of most bone cancers is not known. In some cases, bone cancer is linked to inherited genetic conditions or previous radiation exposure, but for many people there is no clear reason why the disease develops. Research continues to explore how changes in bone cells lead to uncontrollable growth.
Types of Bone Cancer
Bone cancers are classified by the type of cell where the tumor begins. The most common types include:
The most common form of bone cancer. These tumors start in cells that form new bone and occur most often in children, teens, and young adults, typically affecting the long bones of the arms or legs. Rarely, osteosarcomas can develop in soft tissues.
A cancer that begins in cells that produce cartilage. Chondrosarcomas usually occur in adults and often develop in the pelvis, legs, or arms.
A group of cancers that can form in bone or the surrounding soft tissue. Ewing sarcoma is most often diagnosed in children and young adults and commonly arises in the pelvis, legs, or arms.
Treatments & Services
Treatment Options
Treatment for bone cancer focuses on removing or destroying the tumor, protecting limb function when possible, and preventing the cancer from spreading. The best approach depends on the tumor type, location, stage, and overall health.
Find Care
If you have symptoms of bone cancer or have recently received a diagnosis, our team is here to help. Our specialists provide coordinated, compassionate care and will guide you through evaluation, treatment planning, and next steps. Connect with your nearest center to schedule an appointment and learn more about the services available in your area.
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