Pancreatic Cancer
Overview
Pancreatic cancer begins in the pancreas, an organ behind the stomach that helps with digestion and blood sugar regulation. Most cases start in the ductal cells that carry digestive enzymes out of the pancreas, known as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Because early pancreatic cancer rarely causes symptoms, it is often diagnosed at a later stage. When detected, treatment depends on the cancer's location and extent and may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of these options.
Signs & Symptoms
Pancreatic cancer often does not cause noticeable symptoms in its early stages. As the disease progresses, symptoms may develop and can vary based on the tumor's location. Common signs and symptoms may include:
- Abdominal pain that may spread to the back
- Loss of appetite or unintentional weight loss
- Yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice)
- Light-colored stools
- Dark urine
- Itchy skin
- New or worsening diabetes
- Blood clots
- Fatigue
Causes
The exact cause of pancreatic cancer is not known. The disease begins when cells in the pancreas develop changes in their DNA that allow them to grow and divide uncontrollably. These abnormal cells can build up to form a tumor and may spread to nearby organs or to other parts of the body.
Most pancreatic cancers start in the cells that line the pancreatic ducts, known as pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Less commonly, cancer can develop in the hormone-producing or neuroendocrine cells of the pancreas, which are called pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.
While the cause is often unclear, factors such as smoking, long-term inflammation of the pancreas, and certain inherited gene mutations can increase risk.
Risk Factors
Several factors can increase the likelihood of developing pancreatic cancer. Having a risk factor does not mean you will get the disease, but it may increase your overall chance.
- Older age: Most people are diagnosed after age 65.
- Smoking: Cigarette smoking is one of the strongest known risk factors and may account for a significant number of cases.
- Obesity and inactivity: Being very overweight or physically inactive may increase risk.
- Diabetes: Long-standing diabetes, especially when combined with smoking or poor diet, can raise risk.
- Chronic pancreatitis: Ongoing inflammation of the pancreas increases risk, particularly when caused by inherited conditions.
- Family history of pancreatic cancer: Having two or more close relatives with pancreatic cancer, or a known inherited mutation, raises the likelihood of developing the disease.
- Inherited genetic syndromes: Certain inherited gene changes, including BRCA2, Lynch syndrome, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, and FAMMM syndrome, increase risk.
- Diet patterns: Diets high in red or processed meats or low in fruits and vegetables may increase risk.
- Heavy alcohol use: Regular heavy alcohol intake can lead to chronic pancreatitis, which increases risk.
Prevention
Quitting smoking is one of the most effective ways to lower your risk of pancreatic cancer. Your doctor can recommend tools such as counseling, medications, or nicotine replacement to support your quit plan.
Achieving and maintaining a healthy weight can reduce risk. A balanced diet and regular physical activity can help with gradual, steady weight loss if needed.
Eating plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins may help lower cancer risk and support overall digestive and metabolic health.
If you have a family history of pancreatic cancer or known inherited mutations, a genetic counselor can help assess your risk and discuss whether genetic testing or early monitoring may be appropriate.
Treatments & Services
Treatment Options
Treatment for pancreatic cancer depends on the stage of the disease, where the cancer is located, and overall health. Options aim to remove the cancer when possible or to control its growth and manage symptoms.
Support Options
Supportive care services help patients and families manage symptoms, understand treatment options, and navigate each step of their care
Find Care
If you have been diagnosed with pancreatic cancer or are experiencing symptoms, connecting with a specialist is an important next step. Find a provider or location near you to learn more about evaluation, treatment options, and ongoing support
Our Locations
We offer locations across the DFW metroplex so you can receive leading cancer care and support close to home.
Our Care Team
Get to know the compassionate experts who guide your care with a whole-person approach—spirit, mind, and body.
Request an Appointment
Contact us to request an appointment or ask a question below. For emergencies call 911 or visit your nearest hospital.