Uterine Cancer
Overview
Uterine cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the uterus, the hollow, pear-shaped organ in the pelvis where fetal development occurs. It is one of the most common cancers of the female reproductive system.
There are two main types of uterine cancer:
- Endometrial cancer, which starts in the lining of the uterus (endometrium), and is the most common form.
- Uterine sarcoma, a rarer type that develops in the muscle or supporting tissue of the uterus.
Because symptoms such as abnormal vaginal bleeding often appear early, many cases of uterine cancer are found and treated at an early stage, leading to positive outcomes.
Signs & Symptoms
Uterine cancer often causes symptoms early, which can lead to timely diagnosis and treatment. These symptoms can also be linked to other conditions, so it's important to talk with your doctor if they persist or change. Common signs and symptoms may include:
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding or spotting, especially after menopause
- Bleeding between periods or unusually heavy menstrual flow
- Watery or blood-tinged vaginal discharge
- Pelvic pain or pressure
- Pain during sexual intercourse
- Unexplained weight loss or fatigue
Causes
Uterine cancer begins when healthy cells in the uterus develop changes in their DNA that cause them to grow uncontrollably. Over time, these abnormal cells can form a tumor and spread to nearby tissues.
Hormonal imbalances, genetics, and certain health conditions may increase the likelihood of these DNA changes.
Risk Factors
Several factors can increase the risk of developing uterine cancer. Having one or more of these does not mean you will get the disease, but awareness and regular screening are important.
- Hormone imbalance: High levels of estrogen without enough progesterone can raise risk.
- Early menstruation or late menopause: Longer exposure to estrogen increases lifetime risk.
- Never being pregnant: Risk is higher in women who have never been pregnant.
- Older age: Uterine cancer occurs most often after menopause.
- Obesity: Excess body fat raises estrogen levels and increases risk.
- Hormone therapy for breast cancer: The medication tamoxifen can slightly increase risk; talk with your doctor if you take it.
- Inherited syndromes: Lynch syndrome increases the risk of uterine and other cancers.
- Sedentary lifestyle: Low levels of physical activity are associated with a higher risk of uterine cancer.
- Diet low in fruits and vegetables: Diets lacking in plant-based foods may contribute to a higher overall risk.
Treatments & Services
Treatment Options
Treatment for uterine cancer depends on the type, stage, and overall health of the patient. Many cases are found early, when treatment is most effective. Common treatment options include:
Services Options
Supportive care services help patients manage symptoms, maintain strength, and receive guidance throughout diagnosis, treatment, and recovery. These services aim to improve comfort and quality of life.
Find Care
If you’ve been diagnosed with uterine cancer or are experiencing symptoms, connecting with a specialist is an important next step. Find a provider or location near you to learn more about diagnosis, treatment options, and ongoing support.
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