Vaginal Cancer
Overview
Vaginal cancer is a rare cancer that begins in the vagina, the muscular canal that connects the uterus to the outside of the body. Most vaginal cancers start in the cells that line the vaginal surface. While cancers from other areas of the body can spread to the vagina, primary vaginal cancer is uncommon. When diagnosed early, vaginal cancer is often highly treatable. Outcomes are more challenging when the disease has spread beyond the vagina, which is why timely evaluation and care are important.
Signs & Symptoms
Vaginal cancer does not always cause symptoms in its early stages. As the cancer develops, individuals may notice:
- Unusual vaginal bleeding, such as bleeding after intercourse or after menopause
- Watery or persistent vaginal discharge
- A lump, mass, or feeling of fullness in the vagina
- Pain or discomfort with urination
- Frequent urination
- Constipation or changes in bowel habits
- Pelvic pain or pressure
These symptoms can be caused by many conditions other than cancer, but it is important to contact your provider if they persist or worsen.
Causes
The exact cause of vaginal cancer is not known. Like other cancers, it develops when healthy cells undergo genetic changes that disrupt their normal growth cycle. Instead of dividing and dying in an orderly way, abnormal cells continue to grow, multiply, and survive when they should not. Over time, these cells can form a tumor.
Cancer cells may also invade nearby tissues and, in some cases, break away and spread to other parts of the body.
Types of Vaginal Cancer
Vaginal cancer is classified by the type of cell where it begins. The main types include:
The most common type. It starts in the thin, flat cells that line the surface of the vagina.
This type begins in the glandular cells of the vaginal lining. It is less common and can sometimes occur at a younger age.
A rare form that develops in the pigment-producing cells (melanocytes) within the vagina.
A very rare type that forms in the connective tissue or muscle cells in the vaginal wall.
Treatments & Services
Treatment Options
Treatment for vaginal cancer depends on the type of cancer, its stage, and your overall health. Your care team will work with you to create a personalized plan, which may include one or more of the following:
Find Care
If you have symptoms or concerns related to vaginal cancer, or if you’ve recently received a diagnosis, our specialists are here to support you. We offer comprehensive evaluation, advanced treatment options, and coordinated care throughout your journey. Reach out to schedule a consultation or to learn more about the services available at our cancer centers.
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