# Bladder Cancer

 

 

 

  **Table of Contents**   

 **Table of Contents** [Overview](#section-overview "Overview") [Signs & Symptoms](#section-4501 "Signs & Symptoms") [Causes](#section-4506 "Causes") [Types of Bladder Cancer](#section-5741 "Types of Bladder Cancer") [Treatments & Services](#section-5756 "Treatments & Services") [Find Care](#section-5766 "Find Care") [Request an Appointment](#section-7391 "Request an Appointment") 

## Overview

Bladder cancer is a relatively common cancer that begins in the urothelial cells lining the inside of the bladder, the hollow organ in the lower abdomen that stores urine. These cells also line the kidneys and ureters, but bladder tumors are far more common than tumors in those areas.

Most bladder cancers are found at an early stage, when they are highly treatable and often confined to the bladder lining. However, bladder cancer has a tendency to return, which is why long-term monitoring and regular follow-up care are an essential part of treatment and survivorship.

 

 

 ## Signs & Symptoms

Bladder cancer often causes early, noticeable symptoms. Common signs include:

- Blood in the urine (hematuria) — urine may appear pink, red, or brown, though sometimes blood is only detected through lab testing
- Frequent urination
- Pain or burning during urination
- Lower back pain or pelvic discomfort

These symptoms can be caused by many noncancerous conditions, but it's important to talk with your doctor if you notice any persistent changes.

 

  ## Causes

Bladder cancer develops when cells in the bladder lining undergo DNA changes that allow them to grow and divide uncontrollably. Instead of dying off like healthy cells, these abnormal cells continue to multiply, forming a tumor that can invade nearby tissue. Over time, cancer cells may spread to other parts of the urinary tract or distant areas of the body.

While the exact cause isn't always known, chronic irritation or inflammation of the bladder and exposure to certain chemicals or toxins can contribute to these cellular changes.

 

  ## Types of Bladder Cancer

Bladder cancer is classified based on the type of cell where the cancer begins. Understanding the type helps guide treatment planning.

 

#####  Urothelial Carcinoma (Transitional Cell Carcinoma) 

The most common form of bladder cancer. It begins in the urothelial cells that line the inside of the bladder, ureters, and urethra. These cells stretch when the bladder fills and shrink when it empties, making them more vulnerable to repeated exposure to irritants.



 

 

#####  Squamous Cell Carcinoma 

Linked to long-term bladder inflammation or infection. This type is rare in the United States and is more common in regions where chronic infections such as schistosomiasis are prevalent.



 

 

#####  Adenocarcinoma 

A very rare type that begins in gland-forming cells within the bladder lining. Most adenocarcinomas are invasive at diagnosis.



 

 

#####  Other Rare Types 

Less common bladder cancers include small cell carcinoma (arising from neuroendocrine cells) and sarcoma (developing in the bladder’s muscle tissue). These cancers behave differently and may require specialized treatment approaches.



 

 

 

 

 

  ## Treatments & Services

 Treatment Options

Treatment for bladder cancer focuses on removing the cancer, reducing the risk of recurrence, and preserving bladder function whenever possible. Your care plan will depend on the type and stage of bladder cancer, your overall health, and your personal preferences.

Most patients receive a combination of therapies, and many early-stage cases can be managed effectively with minimally invasive approaches.

Early-stage tumors are often treated with surgery alone or surgery followed by intravesical therapy to lower the chance of recurrence. More advanced or aggressive bladder cancers may require systemic treatments or procedures to remove the bladder (radical cystectomy).

Because bladder cancer can return even after successful treatment, ongoing follow-up care and routine surveillance are essential parts of long-term management.

 

[Chemotherapy](/all-treatments-services/chemotherapy)

[Immunotherapy](/all-treatments-services/immunotherapy)

[Radiation Therapy](/all-treatments-services/radiation-therapy)

[Surgical Oncology](/all-treatments-services/surgical-oncology)

[Targeted Therapy](/all-treatments-services/targeted-therapy)

 

 

 





  

  ## Find Care

Bladder cancer care is most effective with a team experienced in diagnosing, treating, and monitoring this complex disease. Our specialists work closely with you to build a personalized treatment plan and guide you through every step, from evaluation and treatment to long-term follow-up and survivorship.

If you’re experiencing symptoms or have been recently diagnosed, connect with a location near you to get expert care and support.

 

    

 

Our Locations

We offer locations across the DFW metroplex so you can receive leading cancer care and support close to home.

 

 [Find a Location](/locations)   

 

Our Care Team

Get to know the compassionate experts who guide your care with a whole-person approach—spirit, mind, and body.

 

 [Meet Our Team](/our-care-team)  

 

  ## Request an Appointment

Contact us to request an appointment or ask a question below. **For emergencies call 911 or visit your nearest hospital.**

 

 

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