# Thyroid Cancer

 

 

 

  **Table of Contents**   

 **Table of Contents** [Overview](#section-overview "Overview") [Signs &amp; Symptoms](#section-5531 "Signs & Symptoms") [Causes](#section-5536 "Causes") [Types of Thyroid Cancer](#section-9406 "Types of Thyroid Cancer") [Treatments](#section-9416 "Treatments") [Find Care](#section-9421 "Find Care") [Request an Appointment](#section-9441 "Request an Appointment") 

## Overview

Thyroid cancer begins in the cells of the thyroid, a small butterfly-shaped gland at the base of the neck that helps regulate metabolism, heart rate, body temperature, and other essential functions. It is often found early, sometimes during imaging for unrelated concerns, and many thyroid cancers grow slowly. Others can be more aggressive, but most cases are highly treatable with prompt, appropriate care. While rates of diagnosis have increased in recent years, this is largely due to improved imaging technology that can detect very small thyroid tumors that may not have been identified in the past.

 

 

 ## Signs &amp; Symptoms

Thyroid cancer often develops without noticeable symptoms in the early stages. As the tumor grows, you may experience:

- A lump or nodule that can be felt in the neck
- Hoarseness or changes in your voice
- Difficulty swallowing
- Pain or discomfort in the neck or throat
- Swollen lymph nodes in the neck

If you notice any persistent changes in your neck or voice, it is important to talk with your provider so the cause can be evaluated.

 

  ## Causes

The exact cause of thyroid cancer is not known. Thyroid cancer develops when cells in the thyroid undergo genetic changes that allow them to grow and divide faster than they should. These abnormal cells do not die when they are supposed to, and over time they build up to form a tumor. Cancer cells can also spread into nearby tissues and travel to other areas of the body.

 

  ## Types of Thyroid Cancer

Thyroid cancer is classified by the type of cell where it begins. Identifying the type helps guide treatment and provides important information about what to expect. Common types include:

 

#####  Papillary thyroid cancer 

The most common type, papillary thyroid cancer starts in the follicular cells that produce thyroid hormones. It can occur at any age but is most often diagnosed in people in their 30s to 50s. Papillary and follicular thyroid cancers are often grouped together as differentiated thyroid cancers.



 

 

#####  Follicular thyroid cancer 

Also beginning in the follicular cells, this type is more often found in older adults. A rare subtype called Hurthle cell cancer can behave more aggressively.



 

 

#####  Medullary thyroid cancer 

Medullary thyroid cancer develops in the C cells of the thyroid, which make the hormone calcitonin. Higher-than-normal calcitonin levels can help detect this cancer early. Some cases are linked to inherited genetic conditions.



 

 

#####  Anaplastic thyroid cancer 

A rare but fast-growing form, anaplastic thyroid cancer also starts in the follicular cells. It is more common in adults over age 60 and is usually more challenging to treat.



 

 

#####  Other rare types 

Less common cancers can develop in the thyroid, including thyroid lymphoma, which starts in immune system cells, and thyroid sarcoma, which begins in connective tissue cells.



 

 

 

 

 

  ## Treatments

 Treatment Options

Treatment for thyroid cancer depends on the type of cancer, its stage, and your overall health. Most thyroid cancers are highly treatable, and many are curable. Care typically includes one or a combination of the following:

 

[Chemotherapy](/all-treatments-services/chemotherapy)

[Hormone Therapy](/all-treatments-services/hormone-therapy)

[Radiation Therapy](/all-treatments-services/radiation-therapy)

[Surgical Oncology](/all-treatments-services/surgical-oncology)

[Targeted Therapy](/all-treatments-services/targeted-therapy)

 

 

 





  

  ## Find Care

If you have symptoms or have been diagnosed with thyroid cancer, early evaluation by an experienced oncology team is essential. Our specialists provide comprehensive testing, personalized treatment plans, and support at every step. Contact us to schedule a consultation or learn more about your options.

 

    

 

Our Locations

We offer locations across the DFW metroplex so you can receive leading cancer care and support close to home.

 

 [Find a Location](/locations)   

 

Our Care Team

Get to know the compassionate experts who guide your care with a whole-person approach—spirit, mind, and body.

 

 [Meet Our Team](/our-care-team)  

 

  ## Request an Appointment

Contact us to request an appointment or ask a question below. **For emergencies call 911 or visit your nearest hospital.**

 

 

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